Castor oil is a thick, pale yellow oil extracted from castor seeds (Ricinus communis). Unlike many vegetable oils, it is primarily used for industrial and pharmaceutical applications rather than as an edible oil. Rich in ricinoleic acid, castor oil has unique chemical properties that make it valuable in lubricants, coatings, adhesives, plastics, and bio-based polymers. In pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, it is used as a laxative, in ointments, and as an emollient in skincare products.

Castor oil also plays a role in producing biodiesel and speciality chemicals for high-performance materials. India is the leading producer and exporter of castor oil, supplying much of the global demand. Its versatility and renewable nature have made castor oil a critical raw material in industries seeking sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based products.